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Re: FYI: embroidery thread with silver content.

From: Aaron Toney <>
Date: Mon, 3 Jan 2000 09:42:24 -0800 (PST)

> > This is what I'll be trying first...  My primary concern is how to go
> > about buffering/protecting the inputs; touch + static = fried CMOS!

	Remember that the ESD problem comes about when a your body ground
is floating at a much higher potential then environmental earth ground,
usually several tens of kilovolts, and then you touch a output pin
connected to a chip which is grounded to something close to earth ground.
The shunting of the several kilovolt potential difference generates
enough current to fry a hole through the gate oxide of the chip. For a
device worn on the body if you make sure that it is grounded to the body
of its wearer then no potential difference will build up. ( Though this
can be a lot more uncomfortable then it sounds ).

> Modern CMOS designs generally include clamping diodes at all I/O pads to protect
> against ESD. I've never zapped a PIC pin, for example.

	Not true. While the diode protection on the inputs of modern
devices have greatly reduced the damage done to a chip by ESD discharge
you are still damaging the chips. Usually this will be expressed
through the hot carrier effect, and electron punch through permanently
scaring the gate oxide. The I/O pins still work just less and less
efficiently. Much like a slow blow fuse they can take a lot of "hits"
before they finally stop working.

Aaron Toney, Circus Systems (206) 297-9015

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