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More Twiddler Simulation Results

From: "Erik Westra" <>
Date: Sat, 20 Nov 1999 11:31:32 +1300

Hi,

Continuing on from my earlier experiments with Twiddler key layout
efficiency, I decided to break out the various elements which make up the
"typing time factor" I used to compare layouts.  This should help to
clarify how these numbers are made up -- and make it easire to see what is
actually causing the differences in (estimated) efficiency.  Here are the
results for the various keyboard layouts and source text combinations I
used yesterday:

                      Story    Story   Story     Code     Code    Code
                      Default  Shrdlu  T/space  Default  Shrdlu  T/space
                      -------  ------  -------  -------  ------  -------
         Time factor: 51442    53633   40205    69621    69085   57270
    Key-press factor:  5547     6805    7302     5270     7070    6818
 Move 1 space factor:  4972     3849    2155     5522     3974    3903
Move 2 spaces factor:  1669     1908     721     1710     2219     979
Release+press factor:  1518     1318    2196     3533     3009    3237
    Thumb-key factor:   337      337     337     1094     1069     765
2-finger adjustments:   402     1809     215      619     1107     511
3-finger adjustments:     0        5       1       35       29      39
4-finger adjustments:     0        0       0        0        0       0

The time factor at the top is the same value I posted yesterday; the
remaining numbers show how that factor is made up:

key-press factor: this is the number of times the action of pressing a key
down was the most time-expensive action required to type a particular
keystroke.  Note that the finger was *not* pressing a key down in the
previous keystroke, so it was free to position itself over the key ahead of
time.

Move 1 space factor: this is the number of times the action of lifting a
finger from one key and pressing down an adjacent key (ie, L->M, M->L,
R->M, or M->R) was the most time-expensive action required to type a
particular keystroke.

Move 2 spaces factor: the number of times the action of lifting a finger
and pressing a key two-spaces over (ie, L->R, R->L) was the most expensive
action.

Thumb-key factor: the number of times the thumb had to press down a key.

2-finger adjustments: the number of times two fingers had to move from one
key to another.

3-finger adjustments: the number of times three fingers had to move from
one key to another.

4-finger adjustments: the number of times four fingers had to move from one
key to another.

**********

Okay, so what does all this mean?  Well, the effect of two- and
three-finger movements between keystrokes is debatable (see my separate
message to Brandon), so we can discount these for now.  But look at the
number of times a finger had to move one or two spaces between keystrokes:

                      Story    Story   Story     Code     Code    Code
                      Default  Shrdlu  T/space  Default  Shrdlu  T/space
                      -------  ------  -------  -------  ------  -------
 Move 1 space factor:  4972     3849    2155     5522     3974    3903
Move 2 spaces factor:  1669     1908     721     1710     2219     979
                       ----     ----    ----     ----     ----    ----
               Total:  6641     5757    2876     7232     6193    4882

This is where, I believe, the differences in keyboard layouts really start
to show up.  I've summed the results to get a rough measure of the number
of times a finger needs to "jump" from one key to another -- and look at
the differences!  The default layout is *worst* in this regard, while the
tabspace layout is by far the most efficient.  So, even ignoring things
like the number of keypresses required and the effect of multiple-finger
jumps and the use of thumb-switches, the tabspace layout shows a very large
decrease in the number of times your fingers have to jump from one key to
another.  In itself, this could suggest that improved typing speeds over
the default are possible using this layout...

 - Erik.

PS: If anyone can see any faults in my logic here, please let me know!  I
*think* these results make sense, but I'd definitely be willing to stand
corrected if I've made any mistakes...

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